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Bear Skull Study Confirms Roman Arena Combat at Viminacium

An Antiquity paper reports osteological proof on a 1,700-year-old brown bear showing captivity stress culminating in a fatal head injury.

Overview

  • Serbian archaeologists analyzed a skull recovered in 2016 near the Viminacium amphitheatre entrance and dated it to A.D. 240–350.
  • The six-year-old male had an impact fracture to the frontal bone with infection that researchers say likely contributed to its death.
  • Heavy canine wear indicates cage-gnawing consistent with prolonged captivity and repeated appearances in arena spectacles.
  • A leopard bone found with the remains supports the site's use for animal hunts and post-fight butchery nearby.
  • Lesion patterns are consistent with a spear strike during staged fights, according to the Antiquity study.