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Astronomers Measure Spin Speed of Supermassive Black Hole Using Tidal Disruption Event

New technique reveals black hole's rotation by analyzing the wobble in its accretion disk after consuming a star.

Image
Image
In the background, a vibrant pink accretion disk is seen swirling around a black hole's singularity. A trail of orange matter trails behind. An inset in the top right shows a diagram of a black circle spinning.
This is an artistic impression of record-breaking quasar J059-4351. It's the bright core of a distant galaxy that is powered by a supermassive black hole like the one studied in this new research. Credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser

Overview

  • Researchers calculated the spin speed of a black hole a billion light-years away using its wobbling accretion disk.
  • The black hole's spin was found to be less than 25% the speed of light, slower than expected.
  • The study utilized data from a tidal disruption event observed in 2020, named AT2020ocn.
  • NASA's NICER telescope on the ISS played a crucial role in monitoring the event over several months.
  • The findings open new avenues for understanding black hole evolution and spin distribution across the universe.