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Astronomers Measure Mass of a Free-Floating Planet for the First Time

A two-hour offset between Earth and Gaia views of a microlensing event provided the parallax to pin down its distance and mass.

Overview

  • A peer-reviewed study in Science led by Subo Dong reports the first precise mass measurement of a starless, free-floating planet using dual-vantage microlensing.
  • Separate observations from ground telescopes and the Gaia spacecraft captured the event with a slight timing difference, enabling a microlensing parallax that resolves mass and distance.
  • The planet is about 0.22 times Jupiter’s mass—roughly Saturn-sized—and sits roughly 9,800 light-years from Earth toward the Milky Way’s center.
  • The researchers say the planet’s properties are consistent with formation in a planetary system followed by ejection into interstellar space.
  • The result demonstrates a method that upcoming wide surveys, including NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, could use to identify and characterize many more rogue planets.