Overview
- TESS first found TOI-2535 b in 2019 and monitored it for seven years until its transit signal disappeared in March 2026.
- Before vanishing the planet showed extreme timing shifts of about ±6 hours and a steady rise in impact parameter of roughly 0.16 per year, meaning its path across the star moved toward the limb until it no longer crossed the stellar disk.
- Joint analysis of the TESS timing and duration changes with NEID radial-velocity data indicates a nearby, mutually tilted companion of about Saturn mass or larger that drives rapid nodal precession of TOI-2535 b’s orbit.
- Models and observations published in November 2026 predict TOI-2535 b will not transit again for at least about 30 years, though the unseen neighbor could transit sooner if geometry allows.
- The system offers a rare, human-timescale view of planet–planet dynamics and suggests some hot Jupiters can be moved inward in a flat disk and later tilted by a close companion, changing how astronomers think about their migration and evolution.