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Armenia and Azerbaijan Finalize Peace Deal After Decades of Conflict

The agreement marks a historic step toward resolving disputes over Nagorno-Karabakh, though constitutional changes and other demands may delay its signing.

This photograph taken from the Armenian side of the border near the town of Kornidzor, on September 23, 2023, shows a general view of the Hakari bridge and the Azerbaijani checkpoint set up at the entry of the Lachin corridor, in Azerbaijan's controlled region of Nagorno-Karabakh. Nagorno-Karabakh separatists were expected to lay down their arms on September 23, 2023, under an agreement reached with the Azerbaijan government following its lightning offensive. (Photo by Alain JOCARD / AFP) (Photo by ALAIN JOCARD/AFP via Getty Images)
A general view shows Stepanakert, a city mostly inhabited by ethnic Armenians, as seen from the Azerbaijani-controlled town of Shusha in Nagorno-Karabakh region, September 23, 2023. REUTERS/Stringer/File Photo
A general view shows the headquarters of Armenia's Foreign Ministry in Yerevan, Armenia, September 20, 2023. REUTERS/Irakli Gedenidze/File Photo
Refugees from Nagorno-Karabakh region sit in a trailer upon their arrival in the border village of Kornidzor, Armenia, September 27, 2023. REUTERS/Irakli Gedenidze/File Photo

Overview

  • Armenia and Azerbaijan have agreed on the final text of a peace treaty aimed at ending nearly four decades of conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh.
  • The treaty includes provisions for mutual withdrawal of international legal claims and a ban on third-party military deployments along the shared border.
  • Azerbaijan has demanded constitutional amendments in Armenia to remove perceived territorial claims, a process requiring a referendum that could delay the treaty's signing.
  • Armenia's Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan has recognized Azerbaijan's sovereignty over Nagorno-Karabakh, a significant step toward normalizing relations.
  • The deal follows years of failed negotiations and recent tensions, including the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive that led to the mass exodus of Nagorno-Karabakh's ethnic Armenian population.