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Armenia and Azerbaijan Finalize Peace Agreement After Decades of Conflict

The two nations agree on a treaty text, but constitutional changes and other conditions remain unresolved before signing.

This photograph taken from the Armenian side of the border near the town of Kornidzor, on September 23, 2023, shows a general view of the Hakari bridge and the Azerbaijani checkpoint set up at the entry of the Lachin corridor, in Azerbaijan's controlled region of Nagorno-Karabakh. Nagorno-Karabakh separatists were expected to lay down their arms on September 23, 2023, under an agreement reached with the Azerbaijan government following its lightning offensive. (Photo by Alain JOCARD / AFP) (Photo by ALAIN JOCARD/AFP via Getty Images)
Image
A general view shows Stepanakert, a city mostly inhabited by ethnic Armenians, as seen from the Azerbaijani-controlled town of Shusha in Nagorno-Karabakh region, September 23, 2023. REUTERS/Stringer/File Photo
A general view shows the headquarters of Armenia's Foreign Ministry in Yerevan, Armenia, September 20, 2023. REUTERS/Irakli Gedenidze/File Photo

Overview

  • Armenia and Azerbaijan have concluded negotiations on a peace treaty to end their decades-long conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh, with both sides agreeing on the text of the draft agreement.
  • Azerbaijan has set conditions for signing, including amendments to Armenia's constitution to renounce territorial claims and dissolve the Minsk Group, which could require a national referendum.
  • Armenia's Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan stated that the agreed text addresses all concerns, while Azerbaijan insists on further steps before finalizing the treaty.
  • The conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh has led to two wars and the displacement of over 100,000 Armenians following Azerbaijan's 2023 offensive to reclaim the region.
  • International actors, including the EU, US, and Russia, have welcomed the progress, though tensions persist over unilateral statements and unresolved legal disputes.