Overview
- The crude birth rate held near 18–19 per 1,000 from 2000 to 2014, then declined steadily to 9.9 in 2023, roughly half its early‑2000s level.
- The share of households with at least one person under 18 fell from about 56% in 1991 to around 45% in 2022, reshaping family composition.
- Nearly six in ten households with children fall in the two lowest income quintiles, with 72.4% of the poorest households including minors versus 17% in the richest.
- Regional gaps persist: NOA provinces show the highest presence of households with minors, and the 2025 projected total fertility rate ranges from 0.91 to 1.71 children per woman.
- Child outcomes improved unevenly, with infant mortality cut by more than half since 2000 yet sizable jurisdictional disparities and reading performance closely tied to socioeconomic context.