Ancient DNA Unveils Origins of Multiple Sclerosis in Europe

Genes increasing risk of MS traced back to ancient herders, offering new insights into the disease's treatment and causes

Researchers have created the world's largest ancient human gene bank by analyzing the bones and teeth of almost 5,000 humans who lived across western Europe and Asia up to 34,000 years ago.
The study found that genes that significantly increase a person's risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) were introduced into north-western Europe around 5,000 years ago by sheep and cattle herders migrating from the east.
These genetic variants provided a survival advantage to the Yamnaya people, most likely by protecting them from catching infections from their sheep and cattle. But they also increased the risk of developing MS.
Northern Europe has the highest prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the world, a fact that has long puzzled researchers. This new study provides an explanation for this 'North-South Gradient'.
The findings also have implications for the treatment of MS and could change our view of the causes of the disease.