Overview

• The August 2025 report “A Decade of Impunity” consolidates interviews with 100 witnesses and research missions to document 1,844 killings from January 2021 to June 2023 and additional abuses through December 2024.
• Amnesty attributes unlawful killings, torture, enforced disappearances and arbitrary arrests to ‘unknown gunmen’, criminal gangs, IPOB/ESN militants and the state-backed Ebube Agu paramilitary.
• It accuses Nigerian military and police forces of committing extrajudicial executions, torture, enforced disappearances and widespread property destruction during security operations.
• The organization criticizes South-East governors and federal authorities for failing to launch independent investigations or provide reparations, perpetuating impunity for human-rights violations.
• The crisis has uprooted communities, triggered mass displacement, forced schools and markets to close and left some areas under informal armed control.