Overview
- The report attributes most civilian deaths on 7 October to Palestinian fighters and says every person held in Gaza was unlawfully taken hostage.
- Amnesty documents rape, torture and intentional killings, as well as continued violations through mistreatment of hostages and retention of seized bodies.
- The 173-page assessment draws on witness testimony, forensic analysis and geolocated audiovisual material collected over months.
- Investigators say the attackers were led largely by Hamas’s al-Qassam Brigades with participation by Islamic Jihad’s al-Quds Brigades, Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades and some armed civilians.
- Amnesty urges impartial investigations and credible prosecutions, situating its findings alongside earlier conclusions on Israeli violations and ongoing UN and ICC inquiries.