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ALMA Finds Ultra-Hot Gas in a Baby Galaxy Cluster, Challenging Formation Models

A thermal Sunyaev–Zeldovich measurement at redshift 4.3 reveals an intracluster atmosphere at least five times hotter than simulations predict, hinting that early black-hole and starburst feedback rapidly energized young clusters.

Overview

  • Zhou and colleagues report in Nature a clear Sunyaev–Zeldovich detection from SPT2349-56, observed just 1.4 billion years after the Big Bang.
  • ALMA data indicate hot electrons with temperatures exceeding 10 million Kelvin, far above expectations for such an early epoch.
  • The proto-cluster’s dense core is roughly 500,000 light-years across, contains more than 30 active galaxies, and is forming stars over 5,000 times faster than the Milky Way.
  • The team points to powerful activity from at least three supermassive black holes, together with extreme star formation, as plausible drivers of the overheating.
  • The result challenges standard models that rely on slow gravitational heating, and the researchers plan follow-up studies and searches for similarly hot young clusters.