Overview

• A U.S.-led commission headed by Secretary of State Marco Rubio and allied planning teams convened to define security guarantees and outline a potential reassurance force once hostilities end, according to the U.K. government.
• The White House ruled out deploying U.S. troops to Ukraine, while President Donald Trump indicated the U.S. could provide air support to European forces if they deploy.
• NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte and Finland’s President Alexander Stubb said discussions include Article 5-type protections, as NATO membership for Ukraine remains off the table.
• Options under review range from training missions inside Ukraine and air and sea policing to a treaty with Article 5-like language or bilateral compacts modeled on U.S. agreements with Japan and South Korea.
• Russia rejected any scenarios involving NATO contingents in Ukraine, and skepticism persists over enforceability given past failures like the 1994 Budapest Memorandum.