Overview
- The treaty creates the first universal framework for cross‑border investigations and electronic‑evidence sharing, including a global 24/7 cooperation network.
- For the first time in an international treaty, the non‑consensual dissemination of intimate images is recognised as a criminal offence.
- The United States declined to sign and said it is still reviewing the text, and India has not signed as its decision remains under review.
- Digital‑rights groups and some tech firms, including the EFF, Human Rights Watch and Cisco, warn the convention could expand surveillance or chill security research, while UN officials stress built‑in human‑rights safeguards.
- The European Commission signed on behalf of the EU, Russia is urging rapid ratification by all UN members, and the signature period remains open through the end of 2026.