Overview

• Emmanuel Macron said 26 of the 35-country Coalition of Volunteers have formalized contributions to a reassurance force that would be present by land, sea or air and would stay away from the frontline.
• The guarantees would take effect the day hostilities cease—via ceasefire, armistice or peace treaty—and country-by-country legal and operational details are still to be worked out.
• After a call with President Donald Trump, Macron said US support should be finalized in the coming days, while Washington has ruled out sending ground troops and has discussed intelligence, command-and-control and air-defense support.
• Allies remain split: France and the UK signal readiness to deploy, Italy rules out sending soldiers and offers monitoring and training outside Ukraine, and Germany proposes air-defense and offensive air support subject to US participation and Bundestag approval.
• Russia rejected any foreign forces on Ukrainian soil as unacceptable, and European leaders warned of additional sanctions coordinated with the United States if Moscow keeps refusing concrete peace talks.