2025 Ranks Among Hottest Years as Three-Year Global Average Tops 1.5°C Threshold

Overview

• World Weather Attribution logged 157 high‑impact disasters in 2025 and examined 22 in depth, with heatwaves and floods most frequent and some heat events now nearly ten times likelier than in 2015.
• AFP calculations using Copernicus data show annual records across Central Asia and the Sahel and near‑record warmth in northern Europe, with Spain and Mexico posting their second‑hottest years.
• Attribution analyses link the intensity and frequency of extremes to greenhouse gases from burning coal, oil and gas, overriding natural climate variability.
• Case studies point to strained adaptation limits, with rapidly intensifying Hurricane Melissa, the Fung‑wong super typhoon, destructive wildfires and deadly floods overwhelming responses.
• UN climate talks in Brazil ended without a clear fossil‑fuel transition plan as researchers warn of Amazon biome loss if warming rises another 1°C by 2050 and urge deep cuts toward global net‑zero by 2040–2045.