Overview

• On October 6, the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet awarded the Physiology or Medicine prize to Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi for discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance, including regulatory T cells and the FOXP3 mechanism.
• Scientists say the immunology breakthrough is informing new approaches to autoimmune diseases, allergy management and transplant tolerance, with related cell‑engineering work advancing in research groups, including in Russia.
• On October 7, the Royal Swedish Academy of Scienceswarded the PhPhysics prize to John Clarke, Michel Devoret and John Martinis for demonstrating macroscopic quantum‑mechanical tunneling and quantized energy in superconducting circuits.
• The physics committee said these results open routes to next‑generation quantum technologies—computers, cryptography and sensors—and they underpin today’s leading superconducting quantum computing platforms.
• Each Nobel this year carries 11 million Swedish kronor, with the awards to be presented on December 10 in Stockholm.