Overview
- Copernicus and Berkeley Earth report 2025 was about 1.47°C above pre‑industrial levels, ranking behind 2024 and 2023.
- For the first time, the 2023–2025 three‑year mean topped the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C threshold, and Copernicus judges a formal, sustained exceedance likely by decade’s end.
- Oceans absorbed a record ~23 zettajoules of additional heat in 2025 and Arctic winter sea‑ice extent fell to a new low of 14.33 million km².
- Berkeley Earth estimates roughly 770 million people faced record heat in 2025, with extremes including three Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes and a 1,739 mm 24‑hour rainfall in central Vietnam.
- Global CO₂ emissions reached a new high in 2025, and major economies showed weaker mitigation efforts, with the U.S. under Donald Trump stepping back from climate cooperation and coal use rebounding.