Overview

• 2023 marked the warmest year on record for Earth's oceans and atmosphere.
• Scientists introduced the term 'super-marine heatwaves' to describe the extreme ocean temperature spikes.
• Greenhouse gas concentrations, including carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, reached all-time highs.
• Sea levels continued to rise, with Boston experiencing the highest average sea level in recorded history.
• The transition from La Niña to El Niño contributed to the record-breaking heat and severe weather events.