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Subconjunctival bleeding, also known as subconjunctival hemorrhage or subconjunctival haemorrhage, is bleeding from a small blood vessel over the whites of the eye. It results in a red spot in the white of the eye. There is generally little to no pain and vision is not affected. Generally only one eye is affected. Natural causes can include coughing, vomiting, heavy lifting, straining to pass hard stools during acute constipation or the act of "pushing" or "bearing down" during labour/childbirth as these activities can increase the blood pressure in the vascular systems supplying the retina. There are up to four vascular retinal plexuses that are supplied by tiny, delicate capillaries whose walls if encountered with a sudden amount of force from blood will rupture. External causes can include direct impact/injury from an accidental bump or a physical altercation resulting in blunt force trauma. Risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, old age, and blood thinners. They occur in about 2% of newborns following a vaginal delivery. The blood occurs between the conjunctiva and the episclera. Diagnosis is generally based on the appearance. Generally no specific treatment is required and the condition improves in two to three weeks. Artificial tears may be used to help with any irritation. They occur relatively commonly. Both sexes are affected equally. Spontaneous bleeding occurs more commonly over the age of 50 while the traumatic type occurs more often in young males. From Wikipedia
